1. Ad Hominem fallacy: criticizing a person instead of their argument.

2. Straw Man fallacy: misrepresenting an argument to make it easier to criticize.

3. False Dilemma fallacy: presenting only two options to choose from when more exist.

4. Slippery Slope fallacy: claiming a small step will inevitably lead to extreme consequences.

5. Circular Reasoning fallacy: using the conclusion of an argument as a premise. for the argument.

6. Hasty Generalization fallacy: making a broad conclusion from insufficient evidence.

7. Red Herring fallacy: introducing irrelevant information to distract from the argument.

8. Appeal to Ignorance fallacy: claiming an argument is true because it hasn’t been proven false.

9. Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc fallacy: assuming that because one thing happened after another, it was caused by it.

10. Appeal to Authority fallacy: using the opinion of an authority figure as evidence.

11. Bandwagon (Ad Populum) fallacy: arguing something is true because many people believe it.

12: False Equivalence fallacy: treating two unequal things as if they are equal.

13: Appeal to Emotion fallacy: using emotions instead of valid reasoning.

14. Burden of Proof fallacy: shifting the responsibility to prove a claim to the other party.

15. False Analogy fallacy: comparing two things that aren’t comparable.

16. Middle Ground fallacy: assuming the compromise between two extremes is always correct.

17. False Cause (Correlation vs. Causation) fallacy: assuming that correlation between two things implies one causes the other.

18. Fallacy of Sunk Costs fallacy: continuing a behavior or endeavor due to previously invested resources, even if it’s no longer rational.

19. Appeal to Tradition fallacy: arguing something is right or better because it’s traditional or “has always been done.”

20: Appeal to Ridicule fallacy: mocking or making fun of an argument instead of addressing its merits.